{"id":1001,"date":"2023-06-28T17:00:28","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T16:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/odep-rdc.com\/?p=1001"},"modified":"2023-07-28T17:58:54","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T16:58:54","slug":"lavenir-industriel-de-la-rdc-juin-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/odep-rdc.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/28\/lavenir-industriel-de-la-rdc-juin-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019AVENIR INDUSTRIEL DE LA RDC &#8211; Juin 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1001\" class=\"elementor elementor-1001\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19794b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19794b9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ad1a1b0\" data-id=\"3ad1a1b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461ae918 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"461ae918\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 26-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Propositions pour une construction industrielle et \u00e9conomique endog\u00e8ne, ind\u00e9pendante, autocentr\u00e9e et auto d\u00e9termin\u00e9e<\/strong> <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3ad41b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3ad41b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8705e75\" data-id=\"8705e75\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4db1fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4db1fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">I.\nLE SECTEUR INDUSTRIEL DE LA RDC&nbsp;: BREF DIAGNOSTIC<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">C\u2019est\nd\u2019abord en termes de mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique et de politique industrielle inadapt\u00e9e\nqu\u2019il faut aborder le diagnostic de ce secteur.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">L\u2019import\nsubstitution c\u2019est l\u00e0 la principale orientation de l\u2019industrie congolaise qui\nest tr\u00e8s consommatrice de devises, notamment pour importer des biens\nd\u2019\u00e9quipement, assurer le transfert des dividendes et des r\u00e9mun\u00e9rations des\ncadres expatri\u00e9s ainsi que les importations des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res et\nd\u2019intrants divers.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Sur\nce sujet, il faut noter d\u2019abord que tous les produits que nous importons ne\nnous sont pas utiles, sachant que bon nombre d\u2019entre eux nous avaient \u00e9t\u00e9\nimpos\u00e9s par la colonisation. Certains de ces produits sont par ailleurs de\nv\u00e9ritables v\u00e9hicules de la domination culturelle \u00e9trang\u00e8re, que l\u2019on perp\u00e9tue\nen acceptant de les fabriquer et de continuer \u00e0 les consommer&nbsp;: pain,\nalcool, bi\u00e8re, etc.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">L\u2019industrie\nn\u2019est pas mise au service de l\u2019agriculture. On ne connait pas la production des\nPME et de l\u2019artisanat en amont du secteur agricole. Aucun encouragement\nn\u2019existe pour ce type d\u2019entreprise qui aurait pu trouver leur place en milieu\nrural et contribuer \u00e0 dynamiser le secteur agricole en cr\u00e9ant des emplois afin\nde lutter contre l\u2019exode rural.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Voici\nla synth\u00e8se des contraintes organisationnelles que ce secteur rencontre&nbsp;: <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\n120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Le cadre institutionnel<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Les\ndiverses interventions de l\u2019Etat dans le secteur industriel rel\u00e8vent des divers\nd\u00e9partements et organismes mal coordonn\u00e9s entre eux. Ces diverses structures\nsont sans moyens humains et financiers correspondant \u00e0 leurs responsabilit\u00e9s.\nIls engagent des actions fragmentaires, sans chercher vraiment \u00e0 \u0153uvrer en\nfaveur d\u2019une solution aux probl\u00e8mes structurels du secteur.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Les\nsources de financement de l\u2019industrie sont quasi inexistantes.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Les\nprogrammes d\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur non adapt\u00e9s aux besoins du pays ont besoin\ndes cr\u00e9ateurs et des promoteurs nationaux d\u2019entreprises&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Les\nmauvaises liaisons de t\u00e9l\u00e9communication, le mauvais \u00e9tat du r\u00e9seau routier, de\nm\u00eame que les nombreuses d\u00e9ficiences du syst\u00e8me de transport faisant supporter \u00e0\nl\u2019industrie des co\u00fbts \u00e9lev\u00e9s en raison des d\u00e9lais d\u2019acheminement, de la\nfr\u00e9quence des pertes, des vols et des d\u00e9t\u00e9riorations&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Une\nmauvaise politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique laissant subsister des d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres entre la\nproduction et la distribution de l\u2019\u00e9nergie&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Le\nmanque de soutien aux entreprises cr\u00e9\u00e9es et g\u00e9r\u00e9es par les congolais&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nconcentration de l\u2019administration \u00e9conomique dans la capitale d\u00e9favorisant les\nentreprises localis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Une\nagriculture ne produisant pas assez pour les besoins de l\u2019agro-industrie&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Le\nmarch\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur congolais est rest\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9troit faute d\u2019un transfert d\u2019une\nbonne partie du surplus \u00e9conomique en direction du monde rural o\u00f9 il fallait\ncr\u00e9er des revenus afin d\u2019\u00e9tendre le march\u00e9 du secteur industriel&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nconcentration des activit\u00e9s industrielles \u00e0 Kinshasa, Katanga et le Bas-Congo.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\n120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Les cons\u00e9quences de ces structures\n\u00e9conomiques pour le pays et pour le peuple<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Une\ndisparit\u00e9 trop grande les revenus et les salaires&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Une\n\u00e9troitesse du march\u00e9 de consommation locale indispensable \u00e0 l\u2019industrialisation\ndu pays et \u00e0 son d\u00e9veloppement global&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Des\ngraves probl\u00e8mes sociaux&nbsp;: Exode rural des jeunes et vieillissement des\ncampagnes, urbanisation insuffisante, insuffisance \u00e9galement de services\nsociaux, ch\u00f4mage, sous-emploi, malnutrition, logement insalubres, maladies\nend\u00e9miques, etc.&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Concentration\nde la croissance dans quelques secteurs non prioritaires au d\u00e9triment des\nsecteurs primaires et secondaires&nbsp;; <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">D\u00e9pendance\nfinanci\u00e8re et technologique de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur en raison du r\u00f4le important laiss\u00e9 \u00e0\nl\u2019investissement \u00e9tranger dans l\u2019exploitation des ressources naturelles\ndestin\u00e9es aux march\u00e9s ext\u00e9rieurs et dans les infrastructures d\u2019appui \u00e0 cette\nexploitation&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo1\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">L\u2019exportation\ndes capitaux par l\u2019importation des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res et des biens\nd\u2019\u00e9quipement, le service de la dette et le transfert des profits aboutissant en\nd\u00e9finitive \u00e0 des sorties nettes de capitaux.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\n120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Quels enseignements tirer de cet\nh\u00e9ritage d\u2019une industrialisation bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019extraversion et la\nd\u00e9pendance&nbsp;?<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">L\u2019\u00e9chec\ndu syst\u00e8me n\u00e9o-colonial est d\u2019abord celui d\u2019un mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique politiquement\nchoisi par les diff\u00e9rents r\u00e9gimes qui se sont succ\u00e9d\u00e9 au Congo depuis 63 ans.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo2\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">a)<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Au\nCongo, le secteur productif capitalise est orient\u00e9 presque exclusivement vers\nles grandes plantations agricoles, les productions mini\u00e8res et \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques\ndestin\u00e9es au march\u00e9 mondial. La r\u00e8gle dite de l\u2019avantage comparatif n\u2019a fait\nque contribuer \u00e0 accentuer la sp\u00e9cialisation stricte de notre pays dans ces\nproductions. Le flux d\u2019exportation de ces productions ob\u00e9issent en m\u00eame temps \u00e0\nla loi de l\u2019\u00e9change in\u00e9gal, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire, qu\u2019il s\u2019accompagnait d\u2019un transfert\nde valeur d\u00fb au fait que les prix de productions des marchandises venant de\nchez nous sont inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 leur valeur r\u00e9elle.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo2\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">b)<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nclasse r\u00e9gnante en RDC depuis 63 ans s\u2019est toujours pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 de rechercher les\ncapitaux \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, si nous totalisons le co\u00fbt des voyages \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger de\nnotre Pr\u00e9sident actuel depuis janvier 2019 \u00e0 ce jour, ce n\u2019est pas moins de\ncent millions de dollars, pour aller chercher des investisseurs \u00e9trangers. L\u2019arriv\u00e9e\nde ces derniers et leur installation<span style=\"color:red\">,<\/span> se traduit\npresque exclusivement par un accroissement de la masse des profits, l\u2019emploi\n\u00e9tant \u00e9lastique pour le taux de salaire de base.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nmasse de profits est distribu\u00e9e entre la caste au pouvoir, les interm\u00e9diaires\ncommerciaux et les d\u00e9tenteurs du capital qui en rapatrient une partie\nsubstantielle.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo2\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">c)<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Les\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires locaux du profit, loin d\u2019accumuler productivement, l\u2019amonc\u00e8lent\nou le consomment sous la forme d\u2019achats de biens de luxe import\u00e9s. Le salaire\nest rest\u00e9 faible&nbsp;; le faible emploi cr\u00e9\u00e9 ne peut constituer un \u00e9l\u00e9ment\ng\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de la demande solvable.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\n120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">II. L\u2019AVENIR INDUSTRIEL DE LA RDC<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&nbsp;La nouvelle politique industrielle<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">En\nce qui concerne la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019industrialisation que l\u2019ODEP pr\u00e9conise, trois\nth\u00e8mes centraux doivent \u00eatre retenus&nbsp;:<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:\nWingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\">\u00fc<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">S\u2019attaquer\ndirectement et sans pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 la modification des relations \u00e9conomiques avec\nl\u2019ext\u00e9rieur (sortir de la d\u00e9pendance)<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:\nWingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\">\u00fc<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">s\u2019engager\ndans de nouveaux rapports sociaux internes (r\u00e9orienter l\u2019allocation du surplus\nau profit des producteurs<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:\nWingdings;mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\">\u00fc<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">pr\u00e9server\nl\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me (en s\u2019appropriant la technologie).<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\n120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">1. Reconsid\u00e9rer toutes les formes de\nla d\u00e9pendance<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">R\u00e9duite\n\u00e0 l\u2019essentiel, la revendication d\u2019un nouvel ordre \u00e9conomique international peut\ns\u2019exprimer ainsi : obtenir un rel\u00e8vement v\u00e9ritable des prix des produits\nalimentaires et des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res afin de disposer de ressources\nsuppl\u00e9mentaires permettant, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019acquisition de technologies, de financer\nune nouvelle phase du d\u00e9veloppement qui serait caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par l\u2019exportation\nmassive de biens manufactur\u00e9s vers le Nord, lequel devrait alors ouvrir\ndavantage ses march\u00e9s nationaux.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Nous\ninspirant de S. Amin, A. Faire et D. Malkin (1985)<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/CHRISTOPHE\/AppData\/Local\/Packages\/microsoft.windowscommunicationsapps_8wekyb3d8bbwe\/LocalState\/Files\/S0\/142\/Attachments\/Etudes%20sur%20le%20secteur%20industriel%5b4488%5d.docx#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;\nfont-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:\nminor-latin;mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:\nAR-SA\">[1]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a> nous disons que celte\nrevendication qui constitue pourtant un objectif en apparence commun \u00e0\nl\u2019ensemble des Etats du tiers- monde, n\u2019est rien d\u2019autre qu\u2019une demande\nd\u2019int\u00e9gration plus pouss\u00e9e au syst\u00e8me mondial. Ce faisant, il vide de son\ncontenu le slogan du \u00ab d\u00e9veloppement endog\u00e8ne \u00bb.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Il\nne s\u2019agit en v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de rien d\u2019autre que de justifier id\u00e9ologiquement une\nambition factice conduire un d\u00e9veloppement par \u00e9tapes progressives au sein de\nce Syst\u00e8me pour en attendre \u00e0 long terme l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nlogique du raisonnement doit \u00eatre strictement invers\u00e9e : d\u00e9finir au pr\u00e9alable\nles objectifs internes d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9ellement autocentr\u00e9 et tourn\u00e9 vers\nla satisfaction des besoins locaux et, ensuite seulement, examiner les\ndirections vers lesquelles il faudrait orienter l\u2019organisation des relations\next\u00e9rieures afin de favoriser la r\u00e9alisation de ces objectifs.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Reconsid\u00e9rer\nles r\u00e8gles du march\u00e9 mondial in\u00e9gales ne signifie pas sortir de ce march\u00e9. Il\nfaut, dans tous les cas, \u00e9viter des actions o\u00f9 des reformes brutales qui\nrisqueraient d\u2019entraver le processus d\u2019int\u00e9riorisation en imposant \u00e0 notre\n\u00e9conomie des co\u00fbts consid\u00e9rables.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Il\nfaut, certes, reconna\u00eetre que le th\u00e9or\u00e8me de la sp\u00e9cialisation internationale\nperd de sa validit\u00e9 dans le contexte d\u2019une \u00e9conomie mondiale structurellement\nin\u00e9gale, mais pas au point de nier que, dans certaines conditions et pour un\ncertain temps, un pays du tiers monde puisse se trouver face \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9\nabsolue d\u2019importer des intrants (\u00e9nergie par exemple) et des \u00e9quipements aux\neffets \u00ab d\u00e9veloppant \u00bb.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nsolution \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me est bien entendu la plus difficile \u00e0 trouver. Deux\npropositions peuvent \u00eatre avanc\u00e9es.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">1.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nr\u00e9gulation de nos exportations sur le niveau des importations absolument\nindispensables pour la r\u00e9alisation de la strat\u00e9gie. En l\u2019\u00e9tat actuel des\nchoses, l\u2019extraversion repose sur une relation contraire : les exportations\nsont pouss\u00e9es au maximum du tol\u00e9rable du fait de la contrainte d\u2019endettement\nexterne, et ensuite on s\u2019interroge sur l\u2019usage des ressources obtenues.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">D\u00e9finir\ndes seuils d\u2019ouverture sur l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur sur la base d\u2019une stricte appr\u00e9ciation\ndes besoins internes prioritaires conduirait \u00e0 briser le cycle infernal de\nl\u2019endettement.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">2.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\ncr\u00e9ation d\u2019une zone privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e \u00e9tablie sur le principe de l\u2019entraide r\u00e9ciproque\navec d\u2019autres pays africains, par des accords commerciaux et de financement\nmultilat\u00e9raux.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Ce\ntype d\u2019accords de coop\u00e9ration Sud-Sud existe, mais la structure de type \u00ab\nmarch\u00e9 commun s reste insuffisante, surtout lorsque les compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9s en facteurs\nde production restent d\u00e9risoires. Elle peut m\u00eame \u00eatre pr\u00e9judiciable \u00e0 certaines\nparties, si les \u00e9carts dans les niveaux de d\u00e9veloppement et de revenu\nengendrent des \u00ab sous-imp\u00e9rialisme \u00bb \u00e9tablissant des espaces de domination\nsecondaires. Face \u00e0 cette d\u00e9rive, il faudra privil\u00e9gier la formule de\nd\u00e9veloppement conjoint \u00ab par bassins \u00bb ou \u00ab par projets r\u00e9gionaux\nmultisectoriels \u00e9tablissant des r\u00e8gles \u00e9quitables de contribution\/r\u00e9tribution \u00bb\n(O.U.A., 1981).<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Aujourd\u2019hui,\nle Congo-Kinshasa est victime de celte d\u00e9rive de sous-imp\u00e9rialisme qui tentent\ncertains pays au Sud du Sahara, redoutant l\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019un Congo \u00e9conomiquement\npuissant, qui deviendrait la principale force \u00e9conomique politique et militaire\ndu continent. Les potentialit\u00e9s du Congo mises en valeur peuvent, en effet,\npermettre cette puissance. Mais un tel projet politique serait aberrant.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Les\npays qui, aujourd\u2019hui, jouent aux petites puissances sous-imp\u00e9rialistes en\nAfrique (Rwanda, Ouganda) se trompent de projet politique. Celui de Lumumba et Nkrumah\net les autres p\u00e8res du Panafricanisme n\u2019\u00e9tait pas celui-l\u00e0.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Notre\nvision est progressiste, elle n\u2019entend pas d\u00e9velopper le continent sur bases\ndes tares et des contre-valeurs \u00e9conomiques, politiques et culturelles de\nl\u2019Occident, mais sur la synth\u00e8se culturelle \u00e0 op\u00e9rer entre la somme des valeurs\npositives h\u00e9rit\u00e9es de l\u2019Occident, de l\u2019Asie, et du principal h\u00e9ritage que nous\navons h\u00e9rit\u00e9 de nos anc\u00eatres : \u00ab Toujours privil\u00e9gier l\u2019\u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019avoir&nbsp;\u00bb,\nmettre l\u2019homme Africain au centre du d\u00e9veloppement du continent. L\u2019homme comme acteur\net b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire du progr\u00e8s.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Dans\nces conditions, ceux qui sont tent\u00e9s actuellement, armes \u00e0 la main, de\ns\u2019imposer comme puissances sous-imp\u00e9rialistes, se trompent de politiques. A\nterme, ils en subiront des graves cons\u00e9quences.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\n120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">2. La strat\u00e9gie autocentr\u00e9e\ncons\u00e9cutive \u00e0 cette vaste remise en question<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Remise\nen question dans les relations internationales, remise en question des\nstructures sociales internes \u00e9galement avec la remise en cause de\nl\u2019organisation du monde rural, de la hi\u00e9rarchie des revenus, des modes de\nconsommation clans les villes&#8230;, exprimant une rupture plus fondamentale au\nniveau des alliances de classes internes.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Les\ngrandes lignes (le la transition sociale qui doit conduire \u00e0 l\u2019affirmation du\npouvoir \u00e9conomique de la paysannerie et du prol\u00e9tariat urbain s\u2019organisent\nautour d\u2019un programme de nature r\u00e9volutionnaire (et qui supposent r\u00e9solus les\nprobl\u00e8mes \u00e9voqu\u00e9s plus haut au point I et plus loin, au point 3).<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">1.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">R\u00e9organiser\nl\u2019agriculture vivri\u00e8re, avec le double but d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les conditions de vie de\nla paysannerie pauvre, puis, au fur et \u00e0 mesure de la hausse de la\nproductivit\u00e9, de fournir un surplus agricole croissant destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la ville pour\nassurer l\u2019autosuffisance alimentaire.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">2.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Le\nd\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019industrie tourn\u00e9e vers le march\u00e9 interne et mis en\nparticulier au service de l\u2019agriculture (fourniture de biens permettant\nd\u2019\u00e9lever la productivit\u00e9 et transformation locale des produits alimentaires) et\nde la satisfaction des besoins de base (habitat, sant\u00e9, \u00e9nergie&#8230;).<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">3.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">De\ngrandes unit\u00e9s manufacturi\u00e8res et modernes restent indispensables dans les\nbranches \u00e0 fortes \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9chelle (projets \u00e0 \u00e9tudier et appr\u00e9cier\nrigoureusement). Mais elles doivent coexister avec des micro-unit\u00e9s\nd\u00e9centralis\u00e9es, ins\u00e9r\u00e9es dans le milieu rural, afin notamment d\u2019assurer\nl\u2019articulation \u00e9troite entre travail agricole et travail industriel.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\n120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">3. L\u2019appropriation technologique pour\nun autre d\u00e9veloppement<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Le\nmal d\u00e9veloppement h\u00e9rit\u00e9 du mobutisme et perp\u00e9tu\u00e9 par Joseph KABILA et son\nsuccesseur actuel est l\u2019aboutissement d\u2019une croissance mim\u00e9tique et perverse,\nMim\u00e9tique, parce qu\u2019elle repose sur l\u2019imitation des mod\u00e8les dominants dans les\npays opulents du Nord, en particulier dans le domaine de la technologie et dans\ncelui de la consommation. Perverse, parce qu\u2019elle conduit \u00e0 un accroissement\ndes disparit\u00e9s sociales et r\u00e9gionales et \u00e0 une destruction des ressources non\nrenouvelables.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Ce\nconstat d\u2019\u00e9chec est en fait une critique des politiques de modernisation des\nsoci\u00e9t\u00e9s traditionnelles pr\u00e9conis\u00e9es depuis la fin de la derni\u00e8re guerre\nmondiale, une critique qui a conduit certains sp\u00e9cialistes \u00e0 proposer des\nformules de d\u00e9veloppement radicalement oppos\u00e9es, proches des populations\nconcern\u00e9es, fond\u00e9es sur la mise en \u0153uvre de techniques tr\u00e8s simples et\nrespectant les coutumes et les formes d\u2019organisation sociale de type\ncommunautaire. Formules dont nous sommes partisans. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nquestion fondamentale est celle de la transition du mal d\u00e9veloppement au\nv\u00e9ritable d\u00e9veloppement, lequel n\u2019est pas retour en arri\u00e8re, mais progr\u00e8s et\ntransformation. Une nouvelle politique ordonn\u00e9e autour de trois axes&nbsp;:<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">L\u2019autonomie\ndes d\u00e9cisions et la recherche de mod\u00e8les endog\u00e8nes propres \u00e0 notre contexte\nhistorique, culturel et \u00e9cologique&nbsp;;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nprise en charge \u00e9quitable des besoins de tous les hommes et de chaque homme :\nles besoins mat\u00e9riels et immat\u00e9riels, \u00e0 commencer par celui de se r\u00e9aliser \u00e0 travers\nune existence qui ait un sens, qui soit un Projet,<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo6\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&#8211;<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nprudence \u00e9cologique, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la recherche d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement en harmonie\navec la nature (1. Sachs)<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/CHRISTOPHE\/AppData\/Local\/Packages\/microsoft.windowscommunicationsapps_8wekyb3d8bbwe\/LocalState\/Files\/S0\/142\/Attachments\/Etudes%20sur%20le%20secteur%20industriel%5b4488%5d.docx#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;\nfont-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:\nminor-latin;mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:\nAR-SA\">[2]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">L\u2019\u00e9co-d\u00e9veloppement\nest donc une tentative d\u2019harmonisation entre objectifs \u00e9conomiques, sociaux et\n\u00e9cologiques dans le cadre d\u2019une planification qui se veut participative. La\nstrat\u00e9gie est \u00e0 d\u00e9finir cas pal\u2019 cas, selon les potentialit\u00e9s du milieu et les\nbesoins sp\u00e9cifiques exprim\u00e9s les populations.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Les\npropositions ci-apr\u00e8s m\u00e9ritent d\u2019\u00eatre bien examin\u00e9es<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">a)<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\npromotion d\u2019activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle humaine et d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es dans\nl\u2019espace afin de r\u00e9duire les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales et att\u00e9nuer les m\u00e9faits de\nla concentration urbaine de l\u2019industrie et des services.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">b)<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nd\u00e9finition de nouveaux mod\u00e8les de production et de consommation orient\u00e9s vers\nl\u2019auto-suffisance r\u00e9gionale et locale et vers la satisfaction des besoins\ncollectifs.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;\nline-height:120%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;\nmso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">c)<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nrecherche de techniques de production non complexes, exigeant une faible\nsp\u00e9cialisation des taches, utilisant peu de ressources non renouvelables et\nlimitant les apports en capital, produisant peu de d\u00e9chets polluants&#8230;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">On\npeut tenter de r\u00e9sumer les arguments en faveur de technologies appropri\u00e9es\npartir d\u2019un tableau montrant leurs avantages compar\u00e9s aux d\u00e9fauts du mod\u00e8le industrialiste.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><table class=\"MsoTableGrid\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"921\" style=\"border-width: initial; border-style: none;\">\n <tbody><tr>\n  <td width=\"453\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 226.55pt; border-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">TECHNOLOGIE\n  INDUSTRIALISTE DE TYPE OCCIDENTAL<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n  <td width=\"468\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.9pt; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">TECHNOLOGIE\n  APPROPRIEE POUR LA RDC<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n  <td width=\"453\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 226.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:8.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -10.95pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">1.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Fonctionnement centralis\u00e9 aussi bien\n  d\u00e9mographiquement qu\u2019en termes de pouvoir de d\u00e9cision <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n  <td width=\"468\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:15.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">1.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Fonctionnement d\u00e9centralis\u00e9 tourn\u00e9 vers\n  l\u2019autosuffisance r\u00e9gionale et locale<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n  <td width=\"453\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 226.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:8.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -10.95pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">2.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Exigence du concours de sp\u00e9cialistes pour les\n  processus de fabrication, d\u2019utilisation et d\u2019entretien <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n  <td width=\"468\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:15.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">2.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Utilisation de proc\u00e9d\u00e9s non complexes exigeant une\n  faible sp\u00e9cialisation <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n  <td width=\"453\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 226.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:8.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -10.95pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">3.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">N\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019un grand apport en capital et\n  d\u2019investissements importants<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n  <td width=\"468\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:15.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">3.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Limitation des apports en capital<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n  <td width=\"453\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 226.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:8.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -10.95pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">4.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Conception pour une production en s\u00e9rie et\n  standardis\u00e9e <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n  <td width=\"468\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:15.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">4.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Conception pour une production en petites s\u00e9ries<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n  <td width=\"453\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 226.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:8.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -10.95pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">5.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Epuisement des ressources non renouvelables <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n  <td width=\"468\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:15.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">5.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Conservation des ressources naturelles<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n  <td width=\"453\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 226.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:8.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -10.95pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">6.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">D\u00e9t\u00e9rioration des cycles \u00e9cologiques par la\n  pollution<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n  <td width=\"468\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:15.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">6.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Protection de l\u2019environnement des \u00e9co-syst\u00e8mes <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n  <td width=\"453\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 226.55pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:8.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -10.95pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">7.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Impossibilit\u00e9 du travail cr\u00e9atif pour les\n  producteurs <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n  <td width=\"468\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\">\n  <p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:\n  0cm;margin-left:15.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:\n  -18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9\"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">7.<span style=\"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n  <\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\n  &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Autocontr\u00f4le du travail par les producteurs<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n  <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:\njustify;line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Le\nraisonnement repose sur l\u2019id\u00e9e selon laquelle toute soci\u00e9t\u00e9 devrait s\u00e9lectionner\nses innovations en fonction de ses ressources et de ses contraintes, et qu\u2019il\nn\u2019y a aucune raison de penser que des techniques produites en un lieu donn\u00e9 et\nselon une histoire singuli\u00e8re puisse se trouver adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 un tout autre\ncontexte.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">La\nnotion d\u2019adaptation ne se limite pas \u00e0 l\u2019analyse habituelle et simpliste du\ncoefficient capital\/travail. Elle implique de prendre en compte une multitude\nde facteurs propres \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me et de mobiliser de mani\u00e8re progressiste le\nsavoir technologique propre aux populations de notre pays.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Un\ntel programme ne rel\u00e8ve pas de l\u2019utopie.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Des\ntechnologies \u00ab appropri\u00e9es \u00bb (dans le double sens du terme : ma\u00eetris\u00e9es par les\nutilisateurs et ad\u00e9quates aux ressources disponibles) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exp\u00e9riment\u00e9es,\naussi bien dans le domaine agronomique que dans ceux de l\u2019habitat, de\nl\u2019artisanat ou de l\u2019\u00e9nergie. Elles font l\u2019objet d\u2019inventaires syst\u00e9matiques,\nallant jusqu\u2019 \u00e0 la constitution de v\u00e9ritables banques de donn\u00e9es.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Mais,\nen l\u2019\u00e9tat actuel des choses, les exp\u00e9riences de d\u00e9veloppement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 et non\nd\u00e9pendant demeurent marginales, \u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie des noyaux lourds de la technologie\ndominante. Elles n\u2019affectent pas fondamentalement le mod\u00e8le d\u2019industrialisation\npar p\u00f4les de croissance, mais apportent seulement des correctifs ponctuels aux\neffets les plus n\u00e9fastes r\u00e9sultant de ce mod\u00e8le.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Le\nr\u00e9alisme impose de reconna\u00eetre le c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u00e9risoire de ces exp\u00e9riences\nparcellaires lorsqu\u2019on les sort de leur contexte microscopique pour les mettre\nen face du processus de destruction de l\u2019infrastructure scientifico-technique\nque connaissent les pays du tiers-monde (par le biais de l\u2019exode des cerveaux,\npar le canal du paiement des brevets, des achats li\u00e9s, des redevances\ndiverses),<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">D\u00e9veloppement\npar le bas, recentrage \u00e9conomique, recours aux technologies douces, priorit\u00e9 \u00e0\nla satisfaction des besoins essentiels\u2026&nbsp;; ces id\u00e9es ma\u00eetresses sont\nsorties d\u2019une critique en r\u00e8gle de l\u2019apologie lib\u00e9rale du d\u00e9veloppement dans la\nd\u00e9pendance. Elles reposent sur une strat\u00e9gie rigoureuse de redistribution au profit\ndes masses paysannes et ouvri\u00e8res, ce que F\u00e9lix TSHISEKEDI appelle \u00ab&nbsp;le\npeuple d\u2019abord&nbsp;!!!&nbsp;\u00bb. <u>L\u00e0 se situe bien l\u2019enjeu du d\u00e9veloppement\nind\u00e9pendant<\/u> et pour notre pays, le Congo, et pour notre continent.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:center;\nline-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:\n&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Pour l\u2019Observatoire de la D\u00e9pense Publique (ODEP)<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:center;\nline-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:\n&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:center;\nline-height:120%\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Florimond\nMUTEBA TSHITENGE<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-left:141.6pt;text-align:center;\nline-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:\n&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">Pr\u00e9sident du Conseil d\u2019Administration<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\nline-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\nline-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;\nmargin-left:248.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:.35pt;\nline-height:normal;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;color:black;\nmso-themecolor:text1\">Contact presse&nbsp;: (+243) 897&nbsp;580 434<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;\nmargin-left:354.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal\"><b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;color:black;\nmso-themecolor:text1\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 823&nbsp;007&nbsp;510<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;color:black;\nmso-themecolor:text1;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:120%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\nline-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/p><div><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear=\"all\">\n\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\">\n\n<!--[endif]-->\n\n<div id=\"ftn1\">\n\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/CHRISTOPHE\/AppData\/Local\/Packages\/microsoft.windowscommunicationsapps_8wekyb3d8bbwe\/LocalState\/Files\/S0\/142\/Attachments\/Etudes%20sur%20le%20secteur%20industriel%5b4488%5d.docx#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\" title=\"\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-family:\n&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,sans-serif\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;\nfont-family:&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;\nmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\nmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;\nmso-bidi-language:AR-SA\">[1]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family:&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,sans-serif\"> S. Amin, A. Faire et D. Malkin\n(1985)&nbsp;: L\u2019avenir industriel de l\u2019Afrique, Paris, l\u2019Harmattan, A.C.C.T<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"ftn2\">\n\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/CHRISTOPHE\/AppData\/Local\/Packages\/microsoft.windowscommunicationsapps_8wekyb3d8bbwe\/LocalState\/Files\/S0\/142\/Attachments\/Etudes%20sur%20le%20secteur%20industriel%5b4488%5d.docx#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\" title=\"\"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;\nmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:\nminor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\nmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;\nmso-bidi-language:AR-SA\">[2]<\/span><\/span><!--[endif]--><\/a> 1.\nSachs&nbsp;: Strat\u00e9gie de l\u2019\u00e9co-d\u00e9veloppement, Paris, Ed. Ouvri\u00e8res, 1980<o:p><\/o:p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Propositions pour une construction industrielle et \u00e9conomique endog\u00e8ne, ind\u00e9pendante, autocentr\u00e9e et auto d\u00e9termin\u00e9e I. LE SECTEUR INDUSTRIEL DE LA RDC&nbsp;: BREF DIAGNOSTIC C\u2019est d\u2019abord en termes de mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique et de politique industrielle inadapt\u00e9e qu\u2019il faut aborder le diagnostic de ce secteur. L\u2019import substitution c\u2019est l\u00e0 la principale orientation de l\u2019industrie congolaise qui est tr\u00e8s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.12 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019AVENIR INDUSTRIEL DE LA RDC - Juin 2023 -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/odep-rdc.com\/index.php\/2023\/06\/28\/lavenir-industriel-de-la-rdc-juin-2023\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019AVENIR INDUSTRIEL DE LA RDC - Juin 2023 -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Propositions pour une construction industrielle et \u00e9conomique endog\u00e8ne, ind\u00e9pendante, autocentr\u00e9e et auto d\u00e9termin\u00e9e I. LE SECTEUR INDUSTRIEL DE LA RDC&nbsp;: BREF DIAGNOSTIC C\u2019est d\u2019abord en termes de mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique et de politique industrielle inadapt\u00e9e qu\u2019il faut aborder le diagnostic de ce secteur. 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